From ComputerGraphica: Yoav I H Parish and Pascal Müller from CentralPictures, Switzerland has created an impressive procedural model for modeling cities. Their technique is capable of simulating a complete city from a “comparatively small set of statistical and geographical input data”.
Parameters include elevation maps, land/water/vegetation maps, population density, zone maps (residential, commercial or mixed zones), street patterns and maximal house height maps.
From their abstract:
We propose a system using a procedural approach based on L-systems to model cities. From various image maps given as input, such as land-water boundaries and population density, our system generates a system of highways and streets, divides the land into lots, and creates the appropriate geometry for the buildings on the respective allotments.
For the creation of a city street map, L-systems have been extended with methods that allow the consideration of global goals and local constraints and reduce the complexity of the production rules. An L-system that generates geometry and a texturing system based on texture elements and procedural methods compose the buildings.
They have their original SIGGRAPH 2001 paper on the technique online:
CityEngine paper